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Family Violence · Emergency Protective Order

Texas emergency protective order defense

The stakes in an emergency protective order case in Texas scale with the specific allegations, any enhancements, and the court hearing it. What happens in the first weeks after arrest often matters as much as what happens at trial. Our Frisco-based team handles these cases throughout the DFW metro, from Frisco and Plano to McKinney and Denton.

A Texas Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection (MOEP) — issued under Code of Criminal Procedure Article 17.292 at the magistration hearing that follows any arrest for family-violence assault, sexual assault, stalking, or trafficking — strips the defendant of contact with the alleged victim, household members, and often the children for 31, 61, or 91 days. The MOEP is automatic in many DFW counties on a probable-cause finding; no separate hearing is required for issuance. It triggers a federal firearm prohibition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), restricts return to the residence, prohibits proximity to the workplace and school, and supplies the predicate for a separate criminal charge under Penal Code § 25.07 if violated. Defense strategy focuses on modification under 17.292(j), preventing conversion to a permanent protective order under Family Code Chapter 85, and managing the federal Lautenberg consequence.

emergency protective order: Texas punishment ranges at a glance
Offense levelConfinementMax finePenal Code
Class A misdemeanorUp to 1 year, county jail$4,000§12.21
Third-degree felony2 – 10 years, TDCJ$10,000§12.34
Second-degree felony2 – 20 years, TDCJ$10,000§12.33

Ranges per Tex. Penal Code ch. 12. Enhancements, deadly-weapon findings, and prior convictions can raise the applicable range; some offenses carry their own special ranges.

13 min read 3,380 words Reviewed May 17, 2026 By Reggie London
Direct Answer

A Texas Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection (MOEP) is issued under CCP Art. 17.292 at magistration after any arrest for family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or trafficking. The order is automatic on a probable-cause finding — no separate hearing — and runs 31 days (default), 61 days (deadly weapon used), or 91 days (sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, trafficking). It prohibits family-violence acts, harassing communications, direct or indirect contact, proximity to the residence/workplace/school, firearm possession, and suspends the license to carry. Violation is a separate Class A misdemeanor under Penal Code § 25.07 — third-degree felony with priors or with a family-violence nexus. The federal Lautenberg Amendment under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) makes any firearm or ammunition possession a separate federal crime punishable by up to 10 years. Defense pathways: modification under Art. 17.292(j) (limited — cannot vacate), contested Chapter 85 conversion at the § 85.006 hearing, and parallel work toward dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge.

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Key Takeaways
  • CCP Art. 17.292 authorizes a magistrate to issue an emergency protective order (MOEP) at magistration on a probable-cause finding — no separate hearing required.
  • Duration tiers: 31 days default, 61 days if deadly weapon used, 91 days for sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, or trafficking.
  • Prohibited acts under 17.292(c): no family-violence acts, no harassing communications, no proximity to residence/workplace/school, firearm surrender, LTC suspension.
  • 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8): federal Lautenberg prohibition on firearm possession — up to 10 years federal prison for any firearm or ammunition possession during MOEP.
  • Penal Code § 25.07: violation is a separate Class A misdemeanor; third-degree felony with two priors or with family-violence/stalking/trafficking nexus.
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Texas Legal Context

What the statute actually requires

Analytical framework Texas emergency protective order law sits at Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292 (the Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection or MOEP) and integrates with Family Code Chapter 85 (permanent protective orders), Penal Code § 25.07 (violation), and the federal Lautenberg Amendment at 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8). The MOEP is the criminal-side, ex parte, fixed-duration interim measure; the Chapter 85 order is the civil-side, adversarial, longer-duration permanent measure. Both can trigger federal firearm prohibition; both create separate § 25.07 criminal liability if violated. Defense work proceeds on multiple parallel tracks: modification under Art. 17.292(j), contesting any Chapter 85 conversion at the § 85.006 hearing, and pursuing dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault.
5 Texas-specific insights
  1. MOEP issuance is ex parte and effectively automatic. Unlike a Family Code Chapter 85 protective order — which requires an adversarial hearing under § 85.006 within 14 days — the MOEP under Art. 17.292 is issued ex parte at magistration on the magistrate's probable-cause finding for the underlying offense. The defendant has no notice, no right to be heard, and no ability to present evidence at issuance. In Collin, Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant counties, the MOEP is effectively automatic on any family-violence arrest. Defense work begins with modification under Art. 17.292(j), not with contesting issuance.
  2. Duration tiers track offense aggravators. CCP Art. 17.292(j) sets three duration tiers: 31 days default for misdemeanor assault FV without aggravators; 61 days if the underlying offense involved use or exhibition of a deadly weapon under Penal Code § 22.02(a)(2); 91 days for sexual assault under § 22.011, aggravated sexual assault under § 22.021, aggravated kidnapping under § 20.04, or trafficking under §§ 20A.02 and 20A.03. The duration is fixed at issuance and runs from the magistrate's signature — not from defense service.
  3. The Art. 17.292(j) modification mechanism cannot vacate the order. The defendant's primary procedural lever is the modification motion under Art. 17.292(j) — but the mechanism is limited. The trial court cannot vacate the order or shorten its duration; it can only modify specific terms (child exchanges, residence retrieval, workplace overlap, communication exceptions). The motion is filed in the court of original disposition and heard on a contested evidentiary basis. Modification denial is not appealable through the bond-habeas pathway under CCP Arts. 11.08 and 11.24.
  4. Federal Lautenberg consequence is the most severe collateral effect. 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) makes any firearm or ammunition possession during the MOEP a federal crime punishable by up to 10 years in federal prison. The MOEP qualifies as a § 922(g)(8) predicate where it (1) issued after actual notice (the magistration appearance), (2) restrains the defendant from harassing or threatening an intimate partner, and (3) includes a family-violence prohibition or credible-threat finding. The Supreme Court in United States v. Rahimi, 144 S. Ct. 1889 (2024), upheld § 922(g)(8) against a Second Amendment challenge.
  5. Chapter 85 conversion is the State's primary extension mechanism. The MOEP terminates at the end of its 31-, 61-, or 91-day statutory window unless converted to a Family Code Chapter 85 protective order through a separate civil-court proceeding. Chapter 85 conversion requires an adversarial hearing under § 85.006 within 14 days of any temporary ex parte order, with the protected person bearing burden of proof by preponderance under § 85.001. The Chapter 85 order can run up to two years under § 85.025; lifetime orders are available in cases with deadly-weapon use, serious bodily injury, or prior FV history.
  6. Penal Code § 25.07 violation produces independent criminal exposure. Any violation of the MOEP is a separate crime under Penal Code § 25.07 — Class A misdemeanor for a first offense (up to 1 year county jail), third-degree felony for two or more priors or for violations involving family violence, stalking, or trafficking (2-10 years TDCJ). Consecutive sentencing with the underlying assault is authorized under Penal Code § 3.03(b)(1). The § 25.07 charge is the enforcement teeth of the entire MOEP framework and creates substantial additional exposure beyond the underlying assault.

What is an emergency protective order under CCP Art. 17.292

A Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection is a criminal-side order issued at magistration under Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292 after any arrest for family-violence assault, sexual assault, stalking, or trafficking. It operates separately from the criminal bond, runs 31, 61, or 91 days depending on offense aggravators, and is issued on a probable-cause finding without a separate adversarial hearing.

Issuance posture — magistration under Art. 15.17
The MOEP is issued at the same magistration hearing that follows any arrest under Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 15.17 — typically within 48 hours of arrest. The magistrate has already made the probable-cause finding for the underlying offense; under Art. 17.292(a), the magistrate may issue the MOEP on the same record without a separate adversarial hearing. In Collin, Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant counties, the MOEP is effectively automatic on a family-violence arrest — issued as part of the standard magistration packet alongside the bond determination, the no-bond Art. 17.292(e) firearm-surrender directive, and any conditions of release under Art. 17.40.
Triggering offenses under Art. 17.292(a)
The MOEP is available for any offense involving family violence as defined in Family Code § 71.004 — which covers assault under Penal Code § 22.01, aggravated assault under § 22.02, deadly conduct under § 22.05, and any other Title 5 offense where a household or family relationship exists. The MOEP is also available for sexual assault under § 22.011, aggravated sexual assault under § 22.021, indecent assault under § 22.012, stalking under § 42.072, and trafficking under §§ 20A.02 and 20A.03. The triggering-offense list is broader than many practitioners assume; the order can issue in any case where the magistrate finds a family-violence, sexual-violence, or stalking nexus.
No separate hearing required
Unlike a Family Code Chapter 85 protective order — which requires an adversarial hearing under § 85.006 within 14 days of the temporary ex parte order — the MOEP is issued ex parte on the magistrate's probable-cause finding without any defense participation. The defendant has no notice, no right to be heard, and no ability to present evidence at issuance. The first opportunity for defense input is the modification motion under Art. 17.292(j) — which is filed days or weeks after the order is in effect. This ex parte structure is the single most important procedural distinction between the criminal-side MOEP and the civil-side Chapter 85 protective order.
Duration tiers — 31, 61, or 91 days
Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292(j) sets three duration tiers. The default is 31 days for any qualifying family-violence offense without aggravators — applying to most misdemeanor assault FV cases under Penal Code § 22.01(a)(1). The 61-day tier applies when the underlying offense involved the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon under § 22.02(a)(2) or any other Title 5 offense with a deadly-weapon element. The 91-day tier applies in cases involving sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, trafficking of persons, or continuous trafficking of persons under § 20A.03. The duration is set at issuance and runs from the date the magistrate signs the order — not from the date the defendant is served.
Independent of bond
The MOEP is procedurally independent of the criminal bond. Posting bond and securing pretrial release does not modify or terminate the MOEP — the order continues to operate as long as its statutory term runs. A defendant out on bond is still bound by the MOEP's no-contact, residence-exclusion, and firearm-prohibition provisions. The MOEP also operates independently of bond conditions imposed under Art. 17.40 — though the magistrate often imposes parallel conditions of release that mirror the MOEP. Counsel must read both the MOEP and the bond conditions to identify the full set of restrictions in force.

The Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection is the criminal-side counterpart to the civil-side Family Code Chapter 85 protective order — but it operates on a different procedural track, with different judicial officers, different evidentiary standards, and different defense pathways. Understanding the structural separation is the foundation of effective defense work. The MOEP is issued by a criminal magistrate (typically a JP, municipal judge, or county-court-at-law judge sitting as magistrate) at magistration; the Chapter 85 order is issued by a district court or county court at law after an adversarial hearing under § 85.006. The MOEP runs 31-91 days as a fixed-duration interim measure; the Chapter 85 order runs up to two years or in some cases for life under § 85.025. The MOEP requires only the magistrate's probable-cause finding on the underlying offense; the Chapter 85 order requires a preponderance-of-evidence finding under § 85.001 that family violence has occurred and is likely to occur in the future.

Prohibited acts under Art. 17.292(c) — the substantive restrictions

Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292(c) lists six categories of prohibited acts a magistrate may impose: no acts of family violence, no threatening communications, no direct communication with the protected person, no proximity to the residence/workplace/school, no firearm possession, and suspension of the license to carry. Each restriction is checked or specified on the order — the four-corners of the document define the universe of prohibitions.

The first category — prohibiting acts of family violence, threats, harassment, and communications likely to result in family violence — is the substantive heart of the MOEP. It restates the underlying criminal prohibition (assault FV is independently a crime under Penal Code § 22.01(b)(2)) but elevates the consequence: any prohibited act becomes a separate crime under Penal Code § 25.07 even if it would not otherwise rise to the level of assault. A defendant who sends a hostile text message to the protected person — without ever touching her — has committed a § 25.07 Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in county jail. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Wagner v. State, 539 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018), addressed the constitutionality of similar restrictions on threatening communications; the controlling principle is that the prohibition reaches threats and harassment but cannot be construed to reach constitutionally protected speech.

The second category — prohibiting direct or indirect communication with the protected person in a threatening or harassing manner — and the third category — prohibiting any communication except through an attorney or designated person — overlap in many MOEPs. When the magistrate checks the broader "no contact except through attorney" box, the order operates as a categorical no-contact provision: no calls, no texts, no emails, no social-media interaction, no in-person contact, no third-party message-passing through a mutual friend or family member. The "indirect communication" prohibition reaches communications routed through children, mutual friends, social-media posts visible to the protected person, and any other intermediated channel. Counsel must counsel the defendant explicitly: do not call, do not text, do not email, do not post on social media in any way the protected person could view, do not ask anyone to convey a message. Every channel is closed except through defense counsel.

The fourth category — prohibiting going to or near the residence, place of employment or business, place of education, or child-care facility of the protected person — is the residence-and-stay-away prohibition. The defendant cannot return to a shared residence even to retrieve personal property; counsel arranges a civil-standby retrieval through the local sheriff or police department, with the alleged victim absent. The defendant cannot be present at the protected person's workplace; if both parties work at the same location, the defendant must arrange leave or alternate scheduling. The defendant cannot pick up children at the protected person's school or daycare unless the order specifically carves out child-exchange exceptions. The residence-exclusion provision is the single most disruptive practical restriction in most MOEPs — it forces the defendant into emergency housing arrangements, often with family members in a different city or in a short-term rental.

The fifth category — prohibiting possession of a firearm — is the trigger for both the state-court firearm-surrender requirement under Art. 17.292(c)(5) and the federal Lautenberg consequence under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8). The defendant must surrender all firearms in his possession to a non-prohibited third party (a family member without a disqualifying criminal record, a licensed FFL dealer, or law enforcement) within the time specified by the order — typically 24 hours of issuance. The sixth category — suspension of the license to carry under Government Code § 411.187 — is automatic on issuance of an MOEP with a firearm prohibition. The defendant's LTC is suspended for the duration of the MOEP; the suspension is reported to the Department of Public Safety, and any subsequent traffic stop or other law-enforcement encounter will reflect the suspended status.

Issuance criteria and duration tiers

The magistrate issues a MOEP on a probable-cause finding that the underlying offense involves family violence, sexual violence, stalking, or trafficking. The 31-day default applies to most misdemeanor assault FV cases; the 61-day tier triggers on deadly-weapon use; the 91-day tier triggers on sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, or trafficking. The duration is fixed at issuance and not subject to defense input.

The probable-cause standard governs issuance. The magistrate has already made a probable-cause finding under Art. 15.17 to support continued detention pending bond; the MOEP issues on the same record. Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292(a) does not require a separate evidentiary finding — the order can issue on the magistrate's own motion, on the request of the alleged victim, on the request of a peace officer, on the request of an attorney for the State, or on the request of any other family or household member. In practice in Collin, Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant counties, the MOEP is generated through the standard magistration packet — the arresting officer's probable-cause affidavit, the booking-in paperwork, and any victim-impact statement from the alleged victim or her advocate. The magistrate reviews the packet, makes the probable-cause finding for the underlying offense, and signs the MOEP as part of the same magistration order.

The 31-day default tier applies to any qualifying offense without aggravators. This is the most common posture: a misdemeanor Class A assault FV under Penal Code § 22.01(a)(1) with a Family Code § 71.004 family-violence finding, no deadly weapon, no sexual-assault overlay, no prior MOEP or protective-order history. The 31-day clock runs from the magistrate's signature — typically Day 0 or Day 1 post-arrest depending on magistration timing. The order terminates automatically at the end of the 31st day unless extended under Art. 17.292(j) or unless the criminal case proceeds in a way that triggers a Chapter 85 conversion proceeding.

The 61-day tier triggers when the underlying offense involved the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon. Under Penal Code § 1.07(a)(17), a deadly weapon includes a firearm, a knife or other object specifically designed to inflict death or serious bodily injury, and anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury — which can include a vehicle, a baseball bat, or a household object used as a weapon. The "use or exhibition" element under Penal Code § 22.02(a)(2) is interpreted broadly under Patterson v. State, 769 S.W.2d 938 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). Where the arrest paperwork alleges any use or exhibition of a deadly weapon, the 61-day tier applies even before formal charging.

The 91-day tier triggers in cases involving sexual assault under Penal Code § 22.011, aggravated sexual assault under § 22.021, aggravated kidnapping under § 20.04, trafficking of persons under § 20A.02, or continuous trafficking of persons under § 20A.03. These offenses carry both the longest MOEP duration and the most restrictive prohibition menu — typically including no-contact, residence-exclusion, workplace-exclusion, school-exclusion, firearm-prohibition, and license-to-carry suspension. The 91-day clock provides a longer interim window for the State to convert the criminal MOEP into a permanent Chapter 85 protective order through the civil-court process.

Modification of MOEP under Art. 17.292(j)

Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292(j) provides the limited modification mechanism. The defendant cannot vacate the order outright, but can move to modify specific terms — typically to carve out exceptions for child exchanges, retrieval of essential personal property, or workplace overlap. The modification motion is filed in the issuing court and heard on the trial court's docket.

The modification motion is the defendant's primary procedural lever under the MOEP framework. Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 17.292(j) does not authorize the trial court to vacate the order — the order continues for its statutory duration regardless of any motion. But the trial court can modify specific terms on the defendant's motion, the State's motion, or the protected person's motion. The most common modification targets are: (1) child-exchange exceptions allowing the defendant to pick up and drop off children at a neutral location with no contact between the parties; (2) residence-retrieval exceptions allowing the defendant to retrieve essential personal property from the shared residence with law-enforcement standby and the protected person absent; (3) workplace-overlap exceptions where both parties work at the same location and one party cannot reasonably relocate; and (4) communication exceptions allowing limited communication on specific topics (joint property, shared business interests, dependent-care logistics) through a designated channel.

The modification motion is filed in the court of original disposition — the magistrate's court or county-court-at-law magistrate for pre-indictment cases, the impaneled district court or county criminal court for post-indictment cases. The motion is captioned "Defendant's Motion to Modify Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection" and recites (1) the current MOEP terms, (2) the specific modifications requested, (3) the factual and legal basis for each modification, (4) any agreed terms the protected person has accepted (where the protected person's position is favorable or where she is represented by counsel willing to engage), and (5) any post-arrest mitigation supporting the modification (counseling enrollment, BIPP completion, alcohol abstinence verification, mental-health treatment). The State responds; the protected person may also appear and be heard. The hearing is contested but typically less formal than a Chapter 85 protective-order hearing.

The evidentiary record at modification is narrower than at issuance. The magistrate at issuance made a probable-cause finding on the underlying offense; the trial court at modification does not revisit the underlying probable-cause finding. The court instead asks whether the requested modification is consistent with the safety of the protected person and the protected children, and whether the documented changed circumstances or post-arrest mitigation justify the modification. The defense develops evidence on (1) the specific necessity of the modification (e.g., the defendant cannot retrieve work tools or business records without entering the residence), (2) the proposed structural safeguards (law-enforcement standby, neutral-location exchange, GPS verification), (3) the post-arrest mitigation already in place (counseling enrollment, abstinence verification), and (4) the protected person's position if known.

Modification denial is not appealable in the same way a bond ruling is appealable. The MOEP modification ruling is incorporated in the trial court's docket sheet and may be revisited on a renewed motion if circumstances change — but there is no immediate appellate pathway parallel to the bond-habeas mechanism under CCP Arts. 11.08 and 11.24. Defense counsel must therefore develop the strongest possible record at the trial-court hearing. Counsel may also pursue parallel relief through cooperation with the State on dismissal or reduction of the underlying charge — a dismissal of the underlying assault terminates the MOEP at the end of its statutory term and prevents conversion to a Chapter 85 order.

Federal firearm consequence — 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)

The federal Lautenberg Amendment at 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) makes it a federal crime — up to 10 years in federal prison — to possess any firearm or ammunition while subject to a qualifying domestic-violence protective order. The MOEP qualifies on three statutory conditions: actual notice, restraint on harassment of an intimate partner, and a credible-threat finding or explicit force-prohibition.

The Lautenberg Amendment was added to the federal firearm-prohibition statute in 1996 to address the gap between state-court protective-order law and federal firearm law. Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), it is a federal crime — punishable by up to 10 years in federal prison and a $250,000 fine under 18 U.S.C. § 924(a)(2) — for any person subject to a qualifying domestic-violence protective order to possess, ship, transport, or receive any firearm or ammunition in or affecting interstate commerce. The "in or affecting interstate commerce" jurisdictional element is universally satisfied because virtually all firearms manufactured in the United States cross state lines at some point in the supply chain; the federal jurisdictional element is not a meaningful defense.

The MOEP qualifies as a § 922(g)(8) predicate if three statutory conditions are met. First, the order must have been issued after a hearing of which the defendant received actual notice and at which the defendant had an opportunity to participate. The Texas MOEP arguably presents a constitutional question on this point: the order is issued ex parte at magistration without defense notice or participation. But the Supreme Court in United States v. Rahimi, 144 S. Ct. 1889 (2024), upheld § 922(g)(8) against a Second Amendment challenge, and federal courts have generally treated the magistration-with-counsel-appointment posture as sufficient "actual notice" under the statute. Second, the order must restrain the defendant from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner — which the Art. 17.292(c)(1) prohibition on family-violence acts and threats clearly does. Third, the order must include either (a) a finding that the defendant represents a credible threat to the physical safety of the intimate partner or (b) an explicit prohibition on the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the intimate partner. Most Texas MOEPs satisfy the third condition through the (c)(1) family-violence prohibition.

The federal consequence is therefore active throughout the MOEP's 31-91 day duration. The defendant must surrender all firearms — not just the firearm allegedly used in the underlying offense, but every firearm in his possession — within 24 hours of issuance under the typical MOEP. Defense counsel coordinates the transfer to a non-prohibited third party with documented chain-of-custody: a family member without a disqualifying criminal record, a licensed FFL dealer who can hold the firearms commercially, or law enforcement under the local agency's evidence-retention protocol. The transfer must be complete — partial transfer leaves the defendant in possession of remaining firearms and exposes him to a separate federal § 922(g)(8) charge. The defendant must also avoid any constructive possession: storing a firearm in a shared home or vehicle accessible to the defendant qualifies as possession under federal law even if the defendant did not personally handle the firearm.

The Lautenberg consequence also reaches ammunition — every cartridge, every loaded magazine, every box of bulk ammunition. Counsel directs the defendant to surrender or transfer all ammunition along with the firearms. Reloading components — primers, powder, brass — that are not yet assembled into cartridges are not within the statutory scope, but completed cartridges are. The duration of the federal prohibition tracks the MOEP's duration: the prohibition terminates when the MOEP terminates, either by running its statutory course or by being vacated on modification (which, under Art. 17.292(j), the trial court generally cannot do — the order runs its course). If the MOEP is replaced by a Family Code Chapter 85 protective order, the federal prohibition continues under § 922(g)(8) for the duration of the Chapter 85 order.

Conversion to a permanent protective order under Family Code Ch. 85

The State or the protected person may convert the criminal-side MOEP into a civil-side Family Code Chapter 85 protective order — typically running up to two years under § 85.025, with lifetime orders available in specific cases. The conversion proceeds through a separate civil-court action with an adversarial hearing within 14 days of any temporary ex parte order under § 85.006.

The MOEP under Art. 17.292 is a fixed-duration interim measure — it terminates at the end of its 31-, 61-, or 91-day window unless converted to a permanent order. The conversion is a civil-court proceeding under Family Code Chapter 85, brought by the protected person, by the protected person's representative (often a domestic-violence shelter's legal-services counsel), by the attorney for the State, or by the county or district attorney's family-violence unit. The conversion application is filed in district court or county court at law — the civil-jurisdiction court that handles family-law matters in the county. The application is typically filed in the same county where the MOEP was issued, though Family Code § 82.003 also permits filing in the county of the applicant's residence.

The procedural sequence is: (1) the protected person or her counsel files a verified application for a protective order under Family Code §§ 82.041-82.043; (2) the court may issue a temporary ex parte order under § 83.001 effective immediately and lasting up to 20 days, on a finding of clear and present danger of family violence; (3) the court schedules an adversarial hearing under § 85.006 within 14 days of the ex parte order; (4) at the adversarial hearing, the protected person bears the burden of proof by preponderance of evidence under § 85.001 that family violence has occurred and is likely to occur in the future; (5) if the burden is met, the court issues a Chapter 85 protective order with terms drawn from §§ 85.021-85.026. The Chapter 85 order can run up to two years under § 85.025; lifetime orders are available under § 85.025(a-1) in cases involving serious bodily injury, the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon, prior protective-order violations, or prior family-violence convictions.

The adversarial hearing under § 85.006 is the defendant's primary opportunity to contest the protective order. Unlike the MOEP, the Chapter 85 hearing is fully adversarial — the defendant has notice, counsel can appear, witnesses can be called, documentary evidence can be introduced, and the protected person bears the burden of proof. The evidentiary record at the § 85.006 hearing typically includes (1) the underlying criminal arrest paperwork and any subsequent indictment, (2) the protected person's testimony about the underlying incident, (3) any testimony from witnesses present at the incident or in a position to corroborate, (4) photographic or medical evidence of any injuries, (5) prior incident history if any (911 calls, prior arrests, prior protective orders), and (6) the defendant's response — denials, alternative narratives, witness testimony, character evidence, and post-arrest mitigation. Defense counsel develops the record actively; the § 85.006 hearing often resolves the practical question of whether the no-contact framework will continue beyond the MOEP's statutory term.

A no-contest Chapter 85 order — agreed by the defendant without contest — has the same legal force as a contested Chapter 85 order. It triggers the same federal Lautenberg prohibition under § 922(g)(8), the same Penal Code § 25.07 criminal liability for violation, and the same impact on collateral matters such as professional licensing, immigration status, and child-custody proceedings. Defense counsel must therefore counsel the defendant carefully: even where the protected person and the State are willing to accept a no-contest order to avoid a contested hearing, the defendant's long-term interests may favor contesting the order at § 85.006. The decision is fact-specific — turning on the strength of the underlying criminal case, the protected person's likely testimony, the defendant's firearm-ownership posture, professional-licensing considerations, and the prospects of dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge.

Violation under Penal Code § 25.07 — a separate criminal charge

Any violation of the MOEP is a separate crime under Penal Code § 25.07 — a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense (up to 1 year county jail) and a third-degree felony for repeat violations or violations involving family violence, stalking, or trafficking (2-10 years TDCJ). The § 25.07 charge is independent of the underlying assault and can be prosecuted consecutively under Penal Code § 3.03(b).

Penal Code § 25.07 is the enforcement teeth of the MOEP framework. The substantive elements are: (1) the defendant knowingly or intentionally; (2) commits an act prohibited by an MOEP under Art. 17.292, a temporary ex parte order under Family Code § 83.001, or a Chapter 85 protective order; (3) where the prohibition applies to the specific act committed; and (4) where the defendant had notice of the order at the time of the act. The "notice" element is typically satisfied through the magistrate's service of the MOEP at magistration — the defendant signs the order or acknowledges receipt, and the acknowledgment is documented in the magistration record. Even absent personal service, constructive notice through the defendant's presence at magistration generally satisfies the notice element under Harvey v. State, 78 S.W.3d 368 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).

The base offense is a Class A misdemeanor — punishable by up to 1 year in county jail and a $4,000 fine under Penal Code § 12.21. Even seemingly minor violations carry the Class A punishment range: a single hostile text message to the protected person, a single drive-by of the protected person's residence, a single Facebook post visible to the protected person, a single voicemail. The Class A punishment range is significant — it carries jail time, a permanent criminal record, and (in family-violence cases) potential immigration consequences for non-citizens. The misdemeanor also carries collateral consequences in professional licensing (TEA, SBEC, nursing, real estate, others) and in any future protective-order or family-violence proceedings as evidence of pattern.

The third-degree felony elevation applies in two scenarios. First, where the defendant has two or more prior § 25.07 convictions — the violation becomes a felony regardless of the substantive nature of the current violation. Second, where the current violation involves an act of family violence as defined in Family Code § 71.004, stalking under Penal Code § 42.072, or trafficking under §§ 20A.02 or 20A.03. The third-degree felony range is 2-10 years TDCJ and a $10,000 fine under § 12.34. The felony elevation produces a permanent felony conviction, federal firearm prohibition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) on top of the § 922(g)(8) prohibition, deportability for non-citizens under INA § 237(a)(2)(E), and substantial collateral consequences in employment, housing, and professional licensing.

Consecutive sentencing with the underlying offense is authorized under Penal Code § 3.03(b)(1). A defendant convicted of both the underlying assault FV under § 22.01(b)(2) and a § 25.07 violation arising from the same MOEP can be sentenced consecutively — the trial court has discretion to stack the sentences rather than impose concurrent terms. This consecutive-sentencing exposure is the practical reason the § 25.07 charge is so dangerous: a Class A assault FV (up to 1 year) plus a Class A § 25.07 violation (up to 1 year) becomes up to 2 years jail time if stacked, even though both are misdemeanors. Counsel develops the case strategy with full awareness of the consecutive-sentencing exposure and counsels the defendant explicitly on compliance.

Strategic considerations — consent, contest, and underlying-case interaction

Defense strategy on the MOEP and any subsequent Chapter 85 conversion intersects with the underlying assault defense. A contested MOEP modification or Chapter 85 proceeding generates a sworn record that affects the criminal case; a no-contest posture may preserve criminal-case flexibility but locks in long-term collateral consequences. The decision turns on case strength, firearm posture, professional licensing, and the protected person's likely position.

The most consequential strategic decision is whether to contest the Chapter 85 conversion proceeding at the § 85.006 adversarial hearing. Contesting generates discovery: the protected person testifies under oath, witnesses appear, evidence is introduced. The transcript and exhibits from the § 85.006 hearing become discoverable in the criminal case under Texas Rules of Criminal Procedure and Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963). A protected person who testifies inconsistently at the § 85.006 hearing creates impeachment material for the criminal trial; conversely, a protected person who testifies consistently and credibly at § 85.006 strengthens the State's position in the underlying assault case. Defense counsel must assess the protected person's likely testimony and the consequent strategic balance before deciding to contest.

The defendant's firearm posture is a major variable. A defendant who depends on firearms for occupation (peace officer, military, security professional, FFL dealer, professional hunter, gunsmith) faces career-ending consequences from any Chapter 85 protective order — the federal § 922(g)(8) prohibition runs for the order's full duration and can extend permanently if the order becomes lifetime under § 85.025(a-1). For these defendants, contesting the Chapter 85 proceeding is often essential even where the underlying criminal case might otherwise resolve quickly. For defendants without significant firearm-related career interests, the firearm consequence is less acute, and the strategic balance may favor a no-contest posture if it positions the criminal case for dismissal or reduction.

Professional licensing creates additional pressure points. The Texas Education Agency and SBEC under 19 T.A.C. §§ 247.2 and 249.15 treat any family-violence finding as a serious-misconduct trigger requiring SBEC investigation and potential certificate suspension or revocation. The Texas Board of Nursing under Occupations Code §§ 301.452 and 301.4521 reviews any family-violence finding for fitness-to-practice implications. The State Bar of Texas reviews family-violence findings for character-and-fitness implications under Tex. Disc. R. Prof. Conduct 8.4. Real-estate, medical, dental, accounting, and other professional licensing boards have similar review obligations. A Chapter 85 protective order — even agreed without contest — produces a finding of family violence that licensing boards treat as substantive even where no criminal conviction follows.

The interaction with bond conditions matters. The magistrate at magistration typically imposes bond conditions under CCP Art. 17.40 that parallel the MOEP terms: no contact, residence exclusion, firearm surrender, drug-and-alcohol abstinence. A violation of bond conditions does not become a § 25.07 charge — instead it triggers bond revocation under Art. 17.43 or bond forfeiture under Art. 22.01-22.18. But a violation of the MOEP simultaneously violates the parallel bond conditions, generating both criminal liability under § 25.07 and bond-revocation liability. The compounding exposure means the defendant must comply with the strictest reading of both the MOEP and the bond conditions — and counsel must keep both documents in active reference throughout the pretrial period.

The dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge terminates the MOEP at the end of its statutory term and generally prevents Chapter 85 conversion. The State's leverage to convert depends on the criminal-case posture: a dismissed or reduced assault rarely supports a contested § 85.006 finding of family violence and future risk. Defense counsel therefore pursues criminal-case dismissal or reduction in parallel with MOEP modification work — the two tracks reinforce each other, and a favorable resolution on the criminal case often resolves the protective-order question by attrition. Where the criminal case proceeds to trial, the MOEP and any Chapter 85 order remain in effect through trial; an acquittal does not retroactively vacate the orders, though it strengthens any subsequent modification or expiration argument.

Defense Strategy

What we evaluate first

Five defense levers do most of the work in Texas evading cases. We evaluate every one before charting a path — suppression first, then knowledge, intent, necessity, and charge-reduction posture together set the strategy.

  1. Challenge the probable-cause finding on the magistrate's record
    Where the underlying arrest paperwork is thin or inconsistent — conflicting accounts, no visible injuries, no independent corroboration, mutual-aggressor evidence — counsel can attack the probable-cause finding that supports the MOEP. The challenge proceeds through the bond-reduction motion in the criminal case and through any contested Chapter 85 § 85.006 hearing. A successful probable-cause challenge undermines both the criminal case and any future Chapter 85 conversion, often producing dismissal of both tracks. Counsel develops the record through 911 dispatch tapes, body-worn-camera footage, witness statements, and any medical or photographic evidence that contradicts the alleged victim's account.
  2. Move for modification on documented reconciliation and joint counseling
    Where the alleged victim and defendant are mutually willing to maintain or restore the relationship, a documented joint-counseling enrollment and reconciliation declaration can support modification under Art. 17.292(j) to allow limited communication and structured contact. The motion includes a sworn statement from the protected person (if she will provide one), enrollment documentation from a couples-counseling or family-systems counselor, and a proposed modification framework (specific times, locations, channels for permitted contact). The motion is most successful where the underlying offense was a single isolated incident without serious injury, where the parties have prior history of conflict resolution, and where structural safeguards (counselor monitoring, no-substance-use protocols) are in place.
  3. Carve out child-exchange exceptions through Art. 17.292(j) modification
    Where the parties share minor children and the MOEP's residence-and-stay-away provision interferes with established custody and visitation arrangements, counsel moves under Art. 17.292(j) to carve out specific child-exchange exceptions. The proposed framework typically includes (1) a neutral exchange location (police-station parking lot, public space with security cameras, designated supervised-visitation center), (2) a designated third-party exchange coordinator (a family member or supervised-visitation facility), (3) defined exchange times that minimize parental overlap, and (4) GPS or photo-documentation verification. The motion is generally granted where credible no-contact arrangements can be structured around the exchange.
  4. Coordinate firearm surrender with documented chain-of-custody
    Firearm surrender under Art. 17.292(c)(5) and federal compliance with 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) require documented transfer to a non-prohibited third party. Counsel coordinates surrender to a family member without disqualifying criminal record, to a licensed FFL dealer who can hold the firearms commercially for the MOEP's duration, or to law enforcement under the agency's evidence-retention protocol. Documentation includes a written transfer receipt with serial numbers, date of transfer, and the recipient's identification — preserved for both state-court compliance verification and federal Lautenberg defense if any subsequent challenge arises. All ammunition is transferred along with the firearms.
  5. Contest Chapter 85 conversion at the § 85.006 adversarial hearing
    The § 85.006 hearing is the defendant's primary opportunity to prevent extension of the no-contact framework beyond the MOEP's statutory term. Counsel develops the full evidentiary record: cross-examination of the protected person on inconsistencies in her account, witness testimony rebutting the family-violence allegation, documentary evidence (texts, photos, 911 recordings) contradicting the protected person's narrative, and post-arrest mitigation evidence (counseling enrollment, abstinence verification, character references). The defense burden is to undermine the protected person's preponderance-of-evidence burden under § 85.001 by showing either that the alleged conduct did not occur or that future family violence is not likely.
  6. Pursue dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge
    A dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge terminates the MOEP at its statutory expiration and generally prevents Chapter 85 conversion — the State's leverage to convert depends on the strength of the criminal case. Counsel pursues criminal-case resolution in parallel with MOEP modification work through (1) pretrial motion practice (motion to suppress, motion to quash, motion in limine), (2) Brady discovery for impeachment material on the protected person, (3) victim-advocate coordination if the protected person has expressed willingness to drop the case, (4) plea negotiation for a non-FV reduction (Class B disorderly conduct, Class C assault, or non-FV Class A assault without the § 71.004 finding), and (5) trial preparation as the alternative to negotiated resolution.
  7. Document compliance to position post-expiration restoration of firearm rights
    A defendant who complies fully with the MOEP throughout its 31-, 61-, or 91-day duration — no contact, no harassment, no firearm possession, no violations of any kind — terminates the federal § 922(g)(8) prohibition at the MOEP's expiration unless a Chapter 85 order issues. Counsel documents compliance through (1) a contemporaneous defendant log of activities and locations, (2) GPS or location-history verification if the defendant agrees, (3) firearm-transfer chain-of-custody records, (4) any counseling or treatment completion certificates, and (5) the absence of any § 25.07 charge during the MOEP duration. The compliance record positions the defendant for post-MOEP firearm restoration and supports favorable Chapter 85 contest if conversion is attempted.
Defense Timeline

How we build the case

Texas evading defense follows a predictable four-phase arc — stabilize and discover (0-15 days), build the suppression record (15-90 days), motion practice and posture (3-6 months), then trial readiness or resolution (6 months+).

  1. Day 0–2: MOEP issuance and initial compliance
    MOEP issuance
    Arrest for family-violence offense; transport to county jail; magistration under CCP Art. 15.17 within 48 hours; magistrate issues MOEP under Art. 17.292(a) on probable-cause finding; order specifies 31-, 61-, or 91-day duration based on aggravators; defendant signs or acknowledges receipt; immediate firearm-surrender directive under Art. 17.292(c)(5); LTC suspended under Gov't Code § 411.187; bond set under Arts. 17.15, 17.20/17.21 with parallel Art. 17.40 conditions. Defense counsel engaged within 24-48 hours; review MOEP four-corners and bond conditions; coordinate firearm surrender with documented chain-of-custody; counsel defendant on absolute compliance.
  2. Day 2–21: Modification motion preparation and filing
    Modification preparation
    Identify modification targets — child-exchange exceptions, residence-retrieval, workplace overlap, communication carve-outs; document factual necessity for each modification; coordinate post-arrest mitigation (BIPP enrollment, individual counseling, substance-abuse evaluation, mental-health treatment); develop the protected person's position if known (through victim-advocate contact or her counsel if represented); draft and file Defendant's Motion to Modify under Art. 17.292(j); request hearing in the court of original disposition. Throughout this period, maintain absolute compliance with MOEP and bond conditions.
  3. Day 14–60: Chapter 85 conversion proceeding (if filed)
    Chapter 85 conversion
    Protected person, State, or family-violence unit files Chapter 85 application; court may issue temporary ex parte order under § 83.001 effective immediately and lasting up to 20 days; § 85.006 adversarial hearing scheduled within 14 days of ex parte order or upon answer; defense develops evidentiary record — cross-examination of protected person, witness testimony, documentary evidence contradicting allegations, post-arrest mitigation evidence; protected person bears preponderance burden under § 85.001; court rules with order running up to 2 years under § 85.025 (lifetime in aggravated cases). Defense pursues parallel dismissal/reduction of underlying assault.
  4. Day 31/61/91+: MOEP expiration and post-order posture
    MOEP expiration
    MOEP terminates at end of statutory duration unless extended once under Art. 17.292(j) to next tier; if Chapter 85 order issued, the no-contact framework continues under § 85.025; if no Chapter 85 conversion, the no-contact framework terminates at MOEP expiration; federal § 922(g)(8) prohibition tracks the order — terminates at MOEP expiration or continues for Chapter 85 duration; firearm transfer can be reversed once federal prohibition terminates; LTC suspension terminates on order expiration; underlying assault case continues on its independent track and resolves through dismissal, reduction, plea, or trial. Long-term posture turns on the criminal-case outcome and any Chapter 85 order in place.

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Frequently asked questions

Twelve questions we answer most often about Texas evading-arrest cases — penalties, defenses, expunction, court timeline, license impact, and federal-case interaction.

How long does an emergency protective order last in Texas?

A Texas Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection under CCP Art. 17.292(j) lasts 31 days as the default for any qualifying family-violence offense without aggravators. The duration extends to 61 days if the underlying offense involved use or exhibition of a deadly weapon under Penal Code § 22.02(a)(2). The duration extends to 91 days for sexual assault under § 22.011, aggravated sexual assault under § 22.021, aggravated kidnapping under § 20.04, or trafficking under §§ 20A.02 and 20A.03. The duration runs from the magistrate's signature, not from defense service. The magistrate may extend a 31- or 61-day order once to the next tier; further extension requires Chapter 85 conversion.

Can an emergency protective order be modified or dropped?

A MOEP can be modified under CCP Art. 17.292(j) but generally cannot be vacated. The trial court can modify specific terms — child-exchange exceptions, residence-retrieval with law-enforcement standby, workplace-overlap accommodations, limited communication channels — but the order continues for its statutory duration regardless of any motion. The protected person's wish to "drop" the order does not vacate it; the order is a court order issued on a probable-cause finding by the magistrate, and the protected person cannot unilaterally terminate it. The State and the protected person can together request modification or non-extension, but the magistrate retains the final decision. Conversion to a Family Code Chapter 85 order at expiration is a separate proceeding requiring a § 85.006 adversarial hearing.

What happens if I violate an emergency protective order?

Any violation is a separate crime under Penal Code § 25.07 — a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense, punishable by up to 1 year in county jail and a $4,000 fine. The violation is elevated to a third-degree felony — 2-10 years TDCJ — if the defendant has two or more prior § 25.07 convictions or if the current violation involves family violence, stalking, or trafficking. Consecutive sentencing with the underlying assault is authorized under § 3.03(b)(1). Even minor violations — a text, a drive-by, a social-media post — carry the full range. The federal Lautenberg consequence under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) adds up to 10 years federal prison for any firearm possession during the order.

Can I see my children if there is an emergency protective order?

It depends on the terms of the order. CCP Art. 17.292(c) allows the magistrate to prohibit going to or near the child-care facility of the protected person — which may exclude the defendant from school and daycare pick-up. If the children are also designated protected persons (common when allegations include children in the household), the no-contact provision extends to them directly. Under Art. 17.292(j), defense counsel can move to modify the order to carve out specific child-exchange exceptions: a neutral exchange location, a designated third-party coordinator, and structural safeguards. The motion is generally granted where credible no-contact arrangements can be structured around the exchange. The defendant must comply absolutely until modification is granted.

What is the federal Lautenberg consequence under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)?

The federal Lautenberg Amendment makes it a federal crime — up to 10 years in federal prison and a $250,000 fine under 18 U.S.C. § 924(a)(2) — for any person subject to a qualifying domestic-violence protective order to possess any firearm or ammunition. The Texas MOEP qualifies where it (1) was issued after actual notice (the magistration appearance qualifies), (2) restrains the defendant from harassing or threatening an intimate partner, and (3) includes a family-violence prohibition or credible-threat finding. The Supreme Court in United States v. Rahimi, 144 S. Ct. 1889 (2024), upheld § 922(g)(8) against Second Amendment challenge. The defendant must surrender all firearms and ammunition within the time specified — typically 24 hours.

What if the protected person wants to drop the protective order?

The protected person cannot unilaterally drop the MOEP. The order is a court order issued by the magistrate on a probable-cause finding for the underlying offense — not a civil order issued at the protected person's request. The protected person can express her position to defense counsel, to victim-advocate counsel, or to the State, and her position may influence whether the State pursues Chapter 85 conversion. But the MOEP itself continues for its statutory duration regardless of the protected person's wishes. Defense counsel can use her position to support a modification motion under Art. 17.292(j) or to oppose Chapter 85 conversion, but the order does not terminate on her wish alone.

Can I go to my own house if there is an emergency protective order?

No, if the residence is a shared residence with the protected person, the MOEP under CCP Art. 17.292(c)(4) prohibits the defendant from going to or near the residence. The defendant must arrange alternative housing — typically with a family member, in a short-term rental, or in a hotel — for the duration of the order. To retrieve essential personal property, counsel coordinates a civil-standby retrieval through the local sheriff or police department: an officer accompanies the defendant to the residence during a designated time, the protected person is absent, and the defendant takes specifically identified items (clothing, work tools, medications, important documents). The retrieval is documented and limited to the items identified in advance.

Does an emergency protective order affect my job?

It can, depending on the workplace and the order's terms. If the workplace is the protected person's place of employment under Art. 17.292(c)(4), the defendant cannot be present there — requiring leave, alternate scheduling, or termination. The firearm-prohibition provisions affect any defendant whose job requires firearm possession — peace officers, security professionals, military personnel (Lautenberg applies the same as civilians), FFL dealers, gunsmiths. Professional licensing implications add pressure: TEA and SBEC for educators, the Texas Board of Nursing, the State Bar, real-estate and medical boards all review family-violence findings. Counsel develops the employer- and licensing-board-notification strategy alongside the underlying defense.

What is the difference between an emergency protective order and a permanent protective order?

The Magistrate's Order of Emergency Protection under CCP Art. 17.292 (MOEP) is the criminal-side, ex parte, fixed-duration interim measure — 31, 61, or 91 days. The Family Code Chapter 85 protective order is the civil-side, adversarial, longer-duration permanent measure — up to 2 years under § 85.025, with lifetime orders in aggravated cases. The MOEP issues at magistration on a probable-cause finding without defense participation; the Chapter 85 order requires an adversarial hearing under § 85.006 with notice and opportunity to be heard. The MOEP is issued by a magistrate; the Chapter 85 order is issued by a district court or county court at law with family-law jurisdiction. Conversion from MOEP to Chapter 85 is a separate civil-court proceeding.

Can the protective order be extended beyond 31 or 61 days?

Yes, through two mechanisms. First, CCP Art. 17.292(j) authorizes one extension to the next duration tier on motion of the State or protected person — a 31-day order can extend to 61 days; a 61-day order can extend to 91 days. The extension is not automatic; the moving party must request it and the trial court rules after defense response. Second, the State or protected person can convert the MOEP to a Family Code Chapter 85 protective order through a separate civil application. The Chapter 85 order can run up to 2 years under § 85.025, with lifetime orders under § 85.025(a-1) in aggravated cases. Conversion requires a § 85.006 hearing.

What does an emergency protective order defense cost in DFW?

Defense fees for MOEP modification work under CCP Art. 17.292(j) typically run $1,500–$3,500 for a straightforward motion with documented child-exchange or residence-retrieval modifications. Contested modification hearings with multiple witnesses and complex factual records run $2,500–$5,000. Contested Chapter 85 § 85.006 hearings — defending against conversion from MOEP to permanent order — run $5,000–$15,000 depending on the depth of evidence and complexity of allegations. Combined representation covering the underlying assault, the MOEP, and any Chapter 85 conversion typically runs $7,500–$25,000 total. Counsel quotes in writing after a free consultation. Most firms accept payment plans.

Does an acquittal or dismissal of the underlying assault terminate the protective order?

A dismissal or reduction of the underlying assault charge generally terminates the MOEP at its statutory expiration and prevents Chapter 85 conversion. The State's leverage to convert depends on case strength — a dismissed or reduced assault rarely supports a contested § 85.006 finding of family violence under § 85.001. But the MOEP itself runs its statutory term regardless of dismissal — the order does not retroactively terminate when the underlying case dismisses. An acquittal at trial also does not retroactively vacate the MOEP, though it strongly supports any subsequent non-extension argument. The Chapter 85 standard is preponderance of evidence, not beyond reasonable doubt — so an acquittal does not foreclose conversion, though it weakens the State's position.

References

All citations link to statutes.capitol.texas.gov for primary text. Footnote numbers in the body link here; the arrow returns to the citing paragraph.

  1. Tex. Penal Code § 38.04 — Evading arrest or detention.
  2. Tex. Penal Code § 12.21 — Class A misdemeanor punishment range.
  3. Tex. Penal Code § 12.34 — Third-degree felony punishment range.
  4. Tex. Penal Code § 12.33 — Second-degree felony punishment range.
  5. Tex. Penal Code § 9.22 — Necessity affirmative defense.
  6. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 38.23 — Suppression of evidence from unlawful search/detention.
  7. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 39.14 — Michael Morton Act discovery.
  8. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 42A.054 — 3g offenses (not including evading).

Common Questions About Texas Assault Charges

What is the difference between assault and aggravated assault in Texas?+

Simple assault (Tex. Penal Code §22.01) involves causing bodily injury or threatening imminent harm. Aggravated assault (§22.02) requires serious bodily injury OR use of a deadly weapon — a 2nd-degree felony with 2-20 years in prison.

Is a Texas assault charge a felony?+

It depends. Simple assault causing bodily injury is a Class A misdemeanor. With family-violence enhancements, prior convictions, or against a public servant, it becomes a 3rd-degree felony. Aggravated assault is always at least a 2nd-degree felony.

What is family violence assault?+

Assault against a household member, dating partner, or family member. First offense is Class A misdemeanor; subsequent offenses are 3rd-degree felonies. Convictions trigger lifetime firearm bans under federal law (18 U.S.C. §922(g)(9)).

Can I get an assault charge dismissed?+

Yes — through self-defense at trial, lack of evidence (no visible injury, no witnesses), affidavit of non-prosecution from the alleged victim (does not bind the State), or pretrial diversion in many counties.

What does "deadly weapon" mean in Texas?+

Anything that in its manner of use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury (Tex. Penal Code §1.07(17)). Firearms qualify per se; everyday objects (cars, bottles, fists with hands trained in martial arts) can qualify based on how they were used.

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About the authors

The attorneys behind this page

Reggie London

Reggie London

Co-Founding Partner · Criminal Defense Attorney

Admitted in Texas, TXND, TXED, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Practice spans DWI, drug, weapons, theft, and process crimes — plus federal practice.

Njeri London

Njeri London

Co-Founding Partner · Criminal Defense Attorney

Texas-licensed criminal defense attorney with deep Fourth Amendment motion practice. Focus: suppression hearings, drug-crime defense, federal-practice support.

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