Crimes Can Get A Teen Charged As An Adult
Co-Founding Partners
Texas Bar verified. Reggie London (Texas Bar No. 24043514) and Njeri London (Texas Bar No. 24043266) are the co-founding partners of L and L Law Group, PLLC — based at 5899 Preston Rd, Suite 101 in Frisco, Texas (Collin County), with many 5-star Google reviews, and available 24/7 for criminal defense consultations.
Bottom line up front: Texas juvenile law (ages 10-16) under Family Code Title 3 is separate from adult Penal Code. Seventeen-year-olds are adults under Texas law. Juvenile adjudications are not convictions and records are confidential from creation under § 58.007.
Texas legal context
- Constitutional defenses applicable to crimes can get a teen charged as an adult include the Fourth Amendment (search and seizure), Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination), and Sixth Amendment (right to counsel and confrontation). The Texas Constitution Article I provides parallel — and sometimes broader — protections.
- Deferred adjudication under CCP § 42A.103 may apply to crimes can get a teen charged as an adult-related charges, resulting in NO conviction upon successful completion. Eligibility for non-disclosure under Government Code § 411.0725 typically follows. We evaluate eligibility at the retainer stage.
- Reggie London (Texas Bar No. 24043514) and Njeri London (Texas Bar No. 24043266), co-founding partners of L and L Law Group, appear personally on every crimes can get a teen charged as an adult case. Office: 5899 Preston Rd, Suite 101, Frisco, Texas. Direct line: (972) 370-5060.
- Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A.054(a) lists offenses ineligible for judge-recommended probation ("3g offenses"). Where crimes can get a teen charged as an adult touches this list, jury-recommended probation under § 42A.054(b) remains possible.
- For the canonical L and L Law Group reference framework on Texas criminal procedure, see the defense process Guidebook covering investigation, arrest, bond, trial, sentencing, appeals, and record-clearing.
Authored by L and L Law Group, PLLC. (972) 370-5060. info@landllawgroup.com.
In Texas, the law treats juvenile crime differently from adult crime. The state usually focuses on rehabilitation when a child under 17 breaks the law. However, that changes when the offense is serious or violent. Some crimes are so severe that they shift a teen out of the juvenile system and into adult court.
Being charged as an adult in Texas has lasting consequences. It affects how a teen is sentenced, where they’re incarcerated, and what options are available after conviction. If you’re a parent or guardian, it’s important to know what actions can lead to this shift and how the legal process works.
How Juvenile Crime Is Handled In Texas?
Texas defines a juvenile as someone between 10 and 16 years old. Crimes committed during this age range usually go through the juvenile court system. The focus here is on education, behavior correction, and reintegration into society. The goal isn’t punishment but to steer the teen back on track.
But not all crimes are treated the same. If the offense is especially violent or repeated, a judge can move the case to adult court. When that happens, the case no longer follows the rules of juvenile justice.
Juvenile crime in Texas is handled by local juvenile boards and probation departments. These bodies have some freedom in deciding how to deal with each case. Still, the state allows prosecutors to seek harsher outcomes when the facts are serious.
What Does It Mean To Be Charged As An Adult?
When a teen is charged as an adult in Texas, they lose the protections of the juvenile system. The case goes to an adult criminal court. The judge no longer focuses on rehabilitation, but instead on penalties meant for grown adults. Sentences are usually longer. Parole may take years to come. And the record stays with the person for life unless expunged.
Juveniles in adult court also face jail time in adult facilities. While some may start in juvenile detention centers, they often get transferred once they turn 17 or are sentenced.
There’s no easy way to go back once this transfer is made. That’s why it’s so important to understand how and when this can happen.
Crimes That Can Lead To Adult Charges
The most common reason a teen gets moved to adult court is because of the type of offense. Texas law allows prosecutors to request a transfer if the crime is a felony and the teen is at least 14 years old. But in some cases, younger teens can also be transferred, depending on the situation.
Here are crimes that often lead to adult charges:
1. Murder or Attempted Murder
These are automatic triggers for transfer, especially when the teen is close to 17. Even 14-year-olds can be moved to adult court for these offenses.
2. Aggravated Sexual Assault
If a teen is accused of rape or another sexual offense involving force or threats, they’re likely to face adult prosecution.
3. Aggravated Robbery
Using a weapon during a robbery is a serious offense. Teens involved in such crimes are often transferred quickly.
4. Deadly Weapon Use During a Felony
Even if the crime isn’t violent, the use of a firearm or knife can push a juvenile case into adult court.
5. Habitual Felony Conduct
Teens who commit multiple felonies may be sent to adult court, especially if past efforts at rehabilitation have failed.
6. Sex Crimes Involving Children
These are taken very seriously in Texas. Even a first-time offense can lead to an adult charge.
Each of these crimes not only carries the possibility of transfer but can also result in a long prison sentence. Some cases receive media attention, which can add pressure on the courts to treat the matter harshly.
The Texas Transfer Hearing Process
Before a juvenile can be moved to adult court, the law requires a special hearing. This is called a Texas transfer hearing. It’s a formal process where the judge reviews whether to waive juvenile court jurisdiction.
At this hearing, the judge looks at several factors:
- Age of the teen
- Type and details of the crime
- The teen’s mental development
- History of past criminal behavior
- Likelihood of rehabilitation within the juvenile system
The goal is to determine if justice would be better served in the adult system. This isn’t an automatic decision. The defense has a chance to argue against the transfer.
Once the judge rules in favor of transfer, the case is sent to the adult court system. The teen now faces a full adult criminal trial.
Can A 14-Year-Old Be Tried As An Adult In Texas?
Yes, Texas allows certain 14-year-olds to be tried as adults. It depends on the severity of the crime and the outcome of the Texas transfer hearing. For capital felonies like murder and first-degree felonies like aggravated robbery, a 14-year-old may be moved to adult court.
However, this isn’t common. Courts usually reserve this step for older teens unless the crime is unusually violent. Still, parents should take all juvenile charges seriously, no matter the child’s age. What starts as a juvenile case can shift quickly depending on how the case develops.
Juvenile crime in Texas doesn’t always stay in juvenile court. The law gives prosecutors and judges wide latitude to make that decision.
What Happens After A Teen Is Convicted As An Adult?
Once convicted, the teen becomes part of the adult criminal system. If sentenced to prison, the state usually keeps them in a juvenile facility until they turn 18. After that, they may be transferred to an adult prison, depending on the sentence length.
Adult charges carry lifelong consequences:
- The criminal record may affect jobs, housing, and education
- Voting rights may be lost in some cases.
- The person may be labeled as a felon for life.
- Parole eligibility is delayed compared to juveniles
- The emotional toll is much heavier than in juvenile court
Some teens may be eligible for parole or a sentence reduction based on behavior. But that’s rare. Once the court treats a teen as an adult, it’s difficult to reverse course.
Final Thoughts
Being charged as an adult in Texas can permanently change a teenager’s life. These cases are complex and move fast. One mistake shouldn’t define a future. Families must act quickly to protect their child’s rights and future opportunities.
Contact L&L Law Group in Texas today for strong legal defense in juvenile and adult criminal cases.
Key Legal Terms
- TJJD (Texas Juvenile Justice Department)
- State agency operating residential commitment facilities for adjudicated juveniles. Commitment under Family Code § 54.04 is the most restrictive juvenile disposition short of certification to adult court.
- Certification to Adult Court
- Family Code § 54.02 procedure transferring a juvenile case (14+ for serious felonies, 15+ for other felonies) to adult district court for criminal prosecution. Certification permanently reverses every juvenile protection.
- Determinate Sentencing
- Family Code § 53.045 procedure imposing a years-length sentence (up to 40) that can transfer from TJJD to adult TDCJ if the juvenile reaches age 19 without completing the sentence. The highest-stakes juvenile-disposition pathway.
- Juvenile Record Sealing
- Family Code § 58.253 (automatic at 18) and § 58.260 (application-based) procedures sealing juvenile records. Stronger than adult non-disclosure — accessible only by specific government agencies.
In our practice defending Texas criminal cases, we have represented clients in Collin, Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant County criminal courts on the full Texas Penal Code and Health & Safety Code spectrum. Reggie's prosecutor background in Dallas County means we know the State's evidentiary playbook; Njeri's trial-trained motion practice anchors the suppression-driven defense work.
Frequently Asked Questions
At what age is someone an adult in Texas criminal law?
Can a juvenile record be sealed in Texas?
What is juvenile certification in Texas?
What is determinate sentencing in Texas juvenile cases?
Can a juvenile be tried as an adult in Texas?
References & Authoritative Sources
About the Authors
Charged with a crime in Texas? Talk to L and L Law Group.
Co-founding partners Reggie London (Texas Bar No. 24043514) and Njeri London (Texas Bar No. 24043266) personally handle every case. Free consultation. Frisco, Texas.
Call (972) 370-5060